Objective: To analyze corporate workers’ self-assessment of communicative competencies and public speaking, examining possible relationships between vocal, communicative, and emotional aspects, particularly the challenges of exposure and judgment when speaking in public. Method: quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study approved by a Research Ethics Committee in Brazil (approval no. 7.018.184) and included 93 corporate workers from São Paulo (Brazil), of both genders, aged 21–60 years. Data were collected through an electronic questionnaire including sociodemographic and vocal information, along with three validated instruments: the DST-Br (Dysphonia Screening Instrument), SACCom (Self-Assessment Test of Communicative Competence), and SSPS (Self-Statements During Public Speaking Scale). Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlations, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results: twenty-one significant correlations (11 negative and 10 positive) were identified among vocal, communicative, and emotional variables. Negative correlations included vocal complaint and SACCom (p = 0.043; p = 0.032), DST-Br and SACCom (p = 0.006; p = 0.010), and job satisfaction and SACCom (p = 0.048). The presence of dysphonia was a negative predictor for listening (β = -1.63; p = 0.027), while hoarseness was associated with higher negative SSPS scores (β = -5.7; p = 0.030). Positive correlations were found between leadership and SACCom (p = 0.022; p = 0.049), communication and SACCom (p = 0.006; p = 0.024), teamwork (p = 0.001), and problem-solving (p = 0.029). Multiple regression indicated that the speaking and listening dimensions of SACCom explained 28% of the variance in total SSPS scores (R = 0.53; R² = 0.28; p < 0.001), with listening showing the strongest predictive weight (β = 1.74; p < 0.001). Training frequency (β = 1.11; p = 0.014) and communicative improvement (β = 1.29; p = 0.023) were positive predictors, whereas isolated training experiences had a negative effect (β = -2.51; p = 0.019). Conclusion: greater communicative competence, especially listening, is associated with higher confidence and fewer difficulties in public speaking. Conversely, vocal complaints and dysphonia negatively affected performance. These findings highlight the importance of continuous vocal and communicative training in corporate contexts to strengthen expressive effectiveness and professional well-being.