Terms A-E | Terms F-J | Terms K-O | Terms P-S | Terms T-Z
Glossary: Terms K-O
Note on External Content All searches for related content at PubMed at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) are being conducted on the NLM website. The copyright on the abstracts found in the results of any given search are not held by the NLM, but by the individual journals in which they were published. For further details and copyright information, please refer to NCBI’s Disclaimer and Copyright Notice. All search results are presented in a new browser window. To return to this site, please close the new window or click on this window to bring it back to the front. The search results presented here are designed to only include voice-related materials.
If you would like to search PubMed for information not related to voice medicine, you may start your search here.
Note on External Content All searches for related content at PubMed at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) are being conducted on the NLM website. The copyright on the abstracts found in the results of any given search are not held by the NLM, but by the individual journals in which they were published. For further details and copyright information, please refer to NCBI’s Disclaimer and Copyright Notice.
K
There are currently no entries for this letter.
return to top
L
Lamina Propria
Non-muscle part of the vocal fold, directly underneath the surface lining
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laparoscopically
Surgery or visualization performed without cutting open the body; instead, special “tools” and cameras are inserted through small holes into the body. Surgical recovery is typically faster than with open surgery
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngeal Electromyography (LEMG)
Test that measures electrical signals of nerve inputs to muscles
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngeal Examination
Examination of the voice box
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngeal Framework Surgery
Surgical modification of the cartilage framework of the voice box so vocal folds can close better or have more tension, which allows vocal folds to vibrate better for sound production
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngeal Injection Augmentation
Injection of a variety of synthetic or natural materials into the vocal fold to optimize vocal fold closure in order to enhance vocal fold vibration, thus improving voice. Also called vocal fold injection or vocal fold augmentation
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngeal Reinnervation
Re-establishing nerve inputs to the voice box muscles
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngeal Stroboscopy
A specialized magnified viewing of the voice box using a synchronized flashing light that allows visualization of vocal fold vibration through a tube-scope with a camera at the end
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngeal/Voice Box
Composed of vocal folds, muscles, and framework cartilages; key for voice, breathing, airway protection
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngectomy
Surgery to remove the larynx
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the voice box (larynx); can result from many causes; specific cause needs to be identified for correct diagnosis and proper treatment plan
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngologist
An ear, nose, and throat doctor who specializes in voice care
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
Backflow of stomach fluids to the laryngopharynx (voice box + lower back of throat)
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngopharynx
Refers to the area of the voice box (larynx) and lower back part of the throat (hypopharynx)
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngoscope
A specialized scope to view the voice box
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngoscopy
An examination of the larynx using a telescopic camera (see also rigid and flexible laryngoscopy)
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Laryngospasm
Sudden inability to breathe due to closing off of the airway
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Larynx
Voice box; composed of vocal folds, muscles, and framework cartilage; highly specialized structure atop the windpipe responsible for sound production, air passage during breathing and protecting the airway during swallowing
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Larynx Preservation
Term used when a treatment choice for cancer is designed to maximally retain the laryngeal structures without compromising the chances of cure
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Lateralization Thyroplasty
Manipulation of the larynx so the vocal folds lie farther apart
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Low Pitch
Voice sounds lower than usual
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Low Esophageal Pressure
Decreased pressure within the esophagus or at its sphincters that results in the backflow of stomach fluids into the esophagus and/or larynx
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
The “gate” at where the esophagus connects to the stomach
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Low Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Decreased tone in the lower “gate” of the esophagus, often allowing backflow of stomach fluids into the esophagus
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Lymph Nodes
The connecting and repository sites of the lymphatic system, the system of tissue drainage within the body; it is often the method of cancer spread
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
return to top
M
Malignant
Cancerous; having abnormal cells that cause cancer
Medialization Laryngoplasty
Surgery that brings the vocal fold together to improve vocal fold vibration during sound production
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Metastasize
The spreading of cancer beyond its original location
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Microlaryngoscopy
Examination of the larynx with a scope with special magnification capability
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Microsurgical Techniques
Surgical techniques that are performed with a microscope for viewing
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Mirror Examination
Method of examining the larynx using simple mirrors (not a scope)
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Motor Nerves
Nerves (signal carriers) that carry messages from the brain to muscles in the body enabling movement
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Motor Signals
Nerve signals that trigger muscle movement
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Mucosal
A lining, such as that which covers the larynx
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Mucosal Wave
A wave-like motion that occurs along the lining cover of the vocal folds during voice production
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Multifactorial Etiology
A voice disorder is complicated by multiple causes
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Multifactorial Voice Disorders
Voice disorders resulting from more than one cause
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Abnormal-sounding voice due to loss of normal muscle coordination or innappropriate muscle contraction
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
N
Nasopharynx
The space joining the throat and nasal cavity
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Nerve Transposition
Taking nerve and muscle from another part of the body and grafting the new nerve into the paralyzed vocal fold
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLMM
Neurolaryngologist
A laryngologist who specializes in the neurologic causes of voice disorders, including non-larynx diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, etc.)
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Neurological Voice Disorders
Voice problems caused by abnormal control, coordination, or strength of voice box muscles due to an underlying neurological disease such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Lou Gehrig’s disease, or ALS
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Neurologist
A physician who specializes in conditions of the brain
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Neutralize
In the case of acids, it means to balance and reduce
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Nissen Fundoplication
This surgery tightens the lower food pipe sphincter so that it can perform better as a barrier to stomach fluid backflow
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
return to top
O
Odonophagia
Pain on swallowing
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Odynophonia
Pain on speaking
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Otalgia
Pain originating elsewhere that is felt in the ear
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Otolaryngologist
An ear, nose, and throat physician specialist
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
Otology
The study of disorders of the ear and related structures
Search for related articles at PubMed at the NLM
return to top
| Previous: F – J |